Foundation

The Piedmont Orthopedic Foundation was organized during the annual meeting of the Piedmont Orthopedic Society on May 8, 1953, at the Cloister, Sea Island, Georgia. At this meeting, four directors were appointed to serve until permanent officers were elected by the Society members. The directors were Walter A. Hoyt, Jr., M.D., Jack C. Hughston, M.D., F. Wayne Lee, M.D., and J. Leonard Goldner, M.D.

The first meeting of the Piedmont Orthopedic Foundation was held on May 9, 1953, and the officers elected were President, Leslie C. Meyer, M.D.; Vice President, J. Leonard Goldner, M.D.; and Secretary-Treasurer, F. Wayne Lee, M.D. The members were advised that a Certificate of Incorporation for the Piedmont Orthopedic Foundation was to be filled out in the office of the Secretary of State, of the State of North Carolina. The members then agreed to a motion that was unanimously carried that the Certificate of Incorporation would be recorded in the Clerk of Superior Court of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Dr. Wayne Lee was to be responsible for this.

After the Spring meeting of the Foundation, contributions were solicited and, by the end of the 1953, contributions of $3,950 had been made by the membership. Residents participating in the Duke Orthopedic Training Program were allowed to apply as Piedmont Orthopedic Fellows for partial support for basic research being done at Duke Medical Center. Residents who have participated as Piedmont Fellows and the projects studied are listed below.

RESIDENT	YEAR	PROJECT
Donald C. Ferlic	1963	Nonsuture anastomosis of peripheral nerves.
Benjamin L. Allen	1965	Avascular necrosis of capital femoral epiphysis in puppies. Bone stimulating properties of Staphylococci and the effect of enzymatic dissolution on nucleus pulposus. Enzymatic destruction of cartilage-role of fibrinolysin and activator substances in pyogenic joint infections, using Staphylococci and Streptococci.
Harry L. Bailey	1966	Avascular necrosis of femoral heads in puppies.
Robert S. Mathews	1966	Immunofluorescent studies in rheumatic diseases. Anatomic preparations of feet of stillborns, with observation of normal and abnormal talus and relationship to leg bones. Studies related to osteogenic sarcoma.
William S. Ogden	1968	Etiology of congenital deformities of the hip done by intra-uterine fixation of limbs of sheep fetuses. Sutureless repair of lacerated nerves. Other studies related to etiology of congenital deformities of the hip.
John L. Dobson	1969	Clinical research on calcinosis universalis. Hyperbaric treatment of osteomyelitis, chronic.
Glen A. Barden	1969	Arthrography of the wrist joint in traumatic and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthrography of flexor tendon sheaths.
James R. Urbaniak	1969	Partial support for flexor pollicis longus project.
Wayne B. Venters	1970	Thermography compared with strontium in detecting metastatic lesions of bone. Early review of total hip arthroplasty at Duke. Hand splint project.
William Moorefield	1972-74	Osteochondrosis of the elbow. Osteogenesis imperfecta, long term study.
Robert J. Ruderman	1973	Genetics of spinal malformation, already presented at Orthopaedic Research Society and study continues.
William Goodman	1974	Preparation of book on Thomas Loeb Orthopedic eponyms and history.
John Shaffer	1975	Model for fat embolism. Transfer of the extensor ulnaris in cerebral palsy.
Terry Whipple	1976-77	Intra-articular knee operations without opening the knee joint, development of instrumentation and technique, current.
Richard Gelberman	1976	Long-term follow-up of median nerve lacerations, classification of injury, results after injury, and effect on activities of daily living.
Joep Bloem	1978	Insensitive foot Larry Lipscomb study.
David Bristow	1978	Electronmicroscopy and histochemistry of muscle fibers in congenital clubfoot.
Frank Fondren	1978	Knee and patella computer format, and recurrent dislocation of the patella review.
Donald Bynum	1979	Pyogenic arthritis of the knee. The case for early arthrotomy.
Carey McKain	1980-81	Sympathetic blockade in the upper extremity using Guanethidine-Reserpine.
Ronald J. Neimkin	1980	Geriatric hip study.
W. Howard Tiller, Jr.	1981	Osteochondritis of the elbow.
Rick Pospisil	1981	Project concerning Legg-Calve-Perthes Syndrome.
James Aronson	1981	Study of electromagnetic stimulation of tendon healing.
William O. Reed	1982	Determination of pin placement by electrical impedance.
		Halo application - videotape.
William E. Garrett, Jr.	1982	Ischemic effects on skeletal muscle.
David E. Attarian	1983	Biomechanical characteristics of human ankle ligaments free tendon graft with extensor digitorum longus.
Neville A. Lewis	1983	Study of silicone - dacron resurfacing of patella joint surfaces in dogs.
		Dislocation proximal radius congenital and traumatic.
William J. Richardson	1984	A retrospective study of patients with failed back surgery. Anterior lumbar fusion treatment analysis and results.
Jay D. Mabrey	1984	Purchase of or purchasing "Author-Plus" for computer aided instruction in orthopaedics.
Michael J. Bolesta	1985	Timing of neurorraphy: effect on muscle in rabbits.
Gregg Cregan	1985	Silicone dacron prostheses - long term follow up of carpal metacarpal joint of thumb replacement.
Pantelis Nikolaou	1985	Effects of continuous passive motion on denervated muscle.
		Allograft cruciate ligaments replacing normal cruciate ligaments.
Neville A. Lewis	1985	The repair of damaged joint surfaces in rabbits using a combination of periosteal autogenous grafts and continuous passive motion.
L. Andrew Koman	1986	Microvascular circulation of the normal and replanted rabbit ear.
James A. Nunley, II	1986	Study of continuous passive motion in myositis ossificans.
L. Scott Levin	1986	Sympathetic reinnervation of small blood vessels following microsurgical anastomosis.
M. Patricia Howson	1987	Electrode surgery versus scalpel surgery on periarticular tissues of the dog hip.
Ian Lowdon	1987	Neurolysis and nerve injury.
William G. Ward	1987	Bone staple fixation study about the knee joint.
John J. Callaghan	1988	Analysis of uncemented porous-total hip designs using photoelastic coating techniques and photostress separator gauges.
John S. Kirkpatrick	1988	Determination of cell origin in healed cryopreserved ACL allografts.
Kevin P. Speer	1989	The effects of arthrotomy and air exposure on articular cartilage regeneration.
William J. Mallon	1989	Knee injuries in varsity college football players-a long-term follow-up study.
George A.C. Murrell	1990	Free radicals and tendon repair.
William E. Garrett, Jr.	1990	Recovery of muscle strength in rehabilitation: is weakness due to the muscle or to the central nervous system.
Robert E. Lins	1990	Evaluation of uncemented total hip arthroplasty in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Sean P. Scully	1990	Stimulation of cartilage healing in vitro.
Raymond R. Monto	1991	The response of bone to lengthening using the Ilizarov device.
Robert L. Friedman	1991	Long-term follow-up of hallux valgus operations: particular reference to the double osteotomy.
T. Parker Vail	1991	Experimental protocol for measurement of load transmission and motion of human fibula.
Claude T. Moorman	1991	Biomechanical testing of soft tissue suture anchor systems: a fixation study.
Robert E. Lins	1992	Mechanical analysis of plate fixation in proximal phalangeal fractures.
Reginald L. Hall	1992	The posterior tibial tendon, and plantar fascia: an epidemiological, histological, and biomechanical study.
Sean P. Scully	1992	Bone morphogenic protein used with bone grafting for treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Frank V. Aluisio	1993	Analysis of muscular architecture of the rotator cuff and deltoid.
Kevin P. Speer	1993	The search for pain in rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Langdon A. Hartsock	1993	In vivo videomicroscopy of vascular changes due to elevated compartment pressure.
Thomas P. Vail	1993	An autogenous tissue scaffold for meniscus reconstruction: results of a pilot study.
Robert J. Spinner	1993	The effect of nutritional supplementation in patients undergoing stages spinal reconstructive surgery.
Brian M. Crites	1994	Measurement of the effect of cryotherapy on deep soft tissue temperature by MRI.
Lloyd A. Hey	1994	Real-time outcomes assessment of patients with spinal disorders in the outpatient setting.
David S. Ruch	1994	Perineural and intraneural changes following nerve wrapping: a comparison of autogenous and glutaraldehyde vein wraps.
Keith Kenter	1994	Histochemical and adrenergic receptor analysis of the tibial artery following sciatic nerve insult in the rat.
Dermot A. O'Farrell	1994	Axon quantification following centrocentral anastomosis in rat sciatic nerve – a model for prevention of traumatic neuroma.
C. Roberts Wheeless	1994	Enhanced Osteogenesis using IL-1 stimulated bone marrow.
Michael E. Berend	1994	The structural and morphologic effects of pulsed Holmium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG) Laser on soft tissue.
James C. Karegeannes	1995	Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for muscle strain injury.
Jeff D. Almand	1995	Comparison of loaded vs. unloaded healing of tendons anchored to bone.
Michael E. Berend	1995	Biomechanical comparative analysis of two techniques for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis.
John A. Fox, Philip G. Coogan	1995	Treatment of adolescent Blount's disease using the Ilizarov device.
Patricia Kolodziej	1995	Assessing the Risk of avulsion of the Achilles Tendon after Excision of Haglund’s Deformity: A biomechanical study.
Gregory S. Motley	1996	A user friendly coronal classification of curve patterns in 2,000 Cases of idiopathic scoliosis.
E. Scott Frankel	1996	Role of chemokines in ischemia reperfusion injury.
James A. O’Leary	1996	Assessment of anterior knee laxity using the KT2000 Arthrometer in cadaveric knees with serial division of structures.
Shawn C. Bonsell	1996	Senescence changes in the AC joint and humeral head.
M. Chris Testerman	1997	The intraosseous vascular anatomy of the distal tibia.
Thomas F. Holovacs	1997	EMG investigation of scapulothoracic musculature.
A. D. Kanellopoulos	1997	Closed reduction of femoral shaft fractures in the skeletally immature using fracture table prior to intramedullary nailing. Dynamic study of the effect of traction on the perfusion of the capital femoral epiphysis using fast gd-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
Diane M. Allen	1997	The effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on rat cremaster muscle following ischemia and reperfusion.
Michael E. Berend	1997	The effect of a varus tibial cut on interface motion in cemented total knee arthroplasty.
Brian M. Crites	1998	The effect of a varus tibial cut on proximal tibial strain in cemented total knee arthroplasty.
William K. McKibbin	1998	Comparison of stability of proximal metatarsal osteotomies.
Jonathan R. Perryman	1998	Patella tendon biomechanical study.
Thomas J. Goetz	1998	Scapho-lunate fixation techniques: a biomechanical study.
		Wrist four-corner fusion techniques: a biomechanical study.
Christopher K. Jones, Andrew E. Caputo	1998	Biomechanical analysis of standard and new techniques of radial neck fracture fixation.
Thomas F. Holovacs	1999	Repair of a meniscal defect using a resorbable collagen sponge in a canine model.
Hussein A. Elkousy	1999	Effects of meniscectomy and arthrotomy on synovial fluid biomarkers in a canine model of osteoarthritis.
Zoe H. Dailiana	1999	Increased osteogenesis by bone grafts and vascularized tissues comparative experimental study on canines.
Penny J. Lawin-Johnson	1999	Internal fixation devices for fractures of the fifth metatarsal base.
J. Jay Crawford	1999	Outcome after open reduction of the hip with or without pelvic or femoral osteotomy in developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Michelle A. Ghert	2000	Tenascin-C expression and distribution in chondrosarcoma cell-lines and primary cell cultures.
Keith R. Berend	2000	Hip replacement following free-vascularized fibular grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Zoe H. Dailiana	2000	Growth factors for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
James R. Bowers	2000	Effect of Alendronate on osteonecrosis of the femoral head after free vascularized fibular grafting.
John D. Hewitt	2000	The effect of varying strain rates on the mechanical properties of the human hip capsule.
Keith E. Penny	2001	Coracoacromial Ligament Transfer for Multidirectional
		Glenohumeral Instability.
Keith E. Penney	2001	Structure and Function of the Transverse Meniscal Ligament.
Keith R. Berend	2001	Free-Vascularized Fibular Grafting to the Hip for Osteonecrosis: Database Update and Follow Up Study of Over 1500 Cases.
Mack Aldridge	2001	The History of the Duke Orthopaedic Program.
Christopher G. Richardson	2001	The Biomechanical and Biochemical Effects of Osteonecrosis on Femoral Head Articular Cartilage.
Joseph H. Guettler	2002	Fifth Metatarsal Stress Fractures in Elite Basketball Players: Influence of Medial Arch Support on Forces Acting on the Fifth Metatarsal.
Frank Horst	2002	Biomechanical Stability of Ability of Ankle Fracture Fixation with Immediate Weightbearing.
Nina R. Lightdale	2002	Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Training on the Incidence of Knee Injuries in Basketball Female Athletes: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
Ryan W. Simovitch	2002	Biomechanical Analysis of the Bench Press with Technique Variations.
Jonathan E. Isaacs	2002	Reverse End to Side Neurotization Using an Intact Recipient Nerve.
Mark J. Albritton	2003	Serum 100 (S-100) beta protein: kinetics and release of a potential marker for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing joint replacement surgery.
Robert R. Glasgow	2003	A retrospective review of retrograde intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures.
Jon D. Hernandez	2003	Development of a closed intra-articular fracture model in the mouse.
Nicole Fetter	2003	The impact of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 1, 6, and 17 on the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin F2 in normal and osteoarthritic human ankle cartilage.
Umur Aydogan	2003	The effects of Rofecoxib on bone fracture healing in canines.
Christopher A. Radkowski	2004	An anatomical basis for lateral retraction of the cephalic vein during the anterior shoulder approach.
Michael C. Maier	2004	Force repetition versus standard isotonic training for the elite football player.
David B. Musante	2004	Synthes TFN Versus DHS femoral head Push-through failure in normal and osteoporotic femur model.
Nina R. Lightdale	2004	The effects of upper extremity immobilization on automobile driving.
Michael S. Ferrell	2004	10 to 20 year radiological and clinical outcomes of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation system for surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
James A. Nunley	2004	Laser Tracking System for three dimensional knee, ankle and other joint surgical intervention. Equipment to be used in the Orthopaedic Laboratory for multiple projects.
Jason M. Hurst, Robin Queen	2005	Analysis of hamstring strengthening using the Nordic hamstring curl in an athletic population.
Milford H. Marchant, Jr.	2005	Digital Orthopaedic Surgery Syllabus.
Joshua T. Carothers	2005	Pelvic motion as determined by single-leg stance pelvic radiographs.
Christopher A. Radkowski	2005	Leiomyosarcoma of the somatic soft tissue.
Ryan W. Simovitch	2005	Results from total shoulder arthroplasty using a third generation prosthesis in patients under age of sixty.
Samuel M. Davis	2006	Utility of MRI in identifying components of common extensor origin and lateral ulnar collateral ligament involved in lateral epicondylitis (to be funded for three years).
John S. Reach	2006	Clinical use of orthopaedic foot and ankle ultrasonography in the operating theater – outcomes based study.
Vani J. Sabesan, Robin Queen	2006	Functional assessment of high activity patients with hip resurfacing versus total hip arthroplasty.
Jocelyn R. Wittstein	2006	Tenotomy versus tenodesis of the long head of the biceps: a randomized prospective study (to be funded for three years).
Dean C. Taylor, Nancy Major	2006	Definition of rotator interval.
William C. Eward	2007	Nerve Conduit Enhancement with Vomeronasal Organs in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Model.
Samuel Davis	2007	Utility of MRI Scan and Identifying Components of the Common Extensor Origin and Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Involved in Lateral Epicondylitis.
Jocelyn Wittstein	2007	Tenotomy Versus Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps: A Randomized Study.
Wayne Kelley	2007	The Effects of Upper Extremity Immobilization on Automobile Driving.
Marc Merian-Genast	2007	Ligamentous Stabilization of the Talonavicular and Subtalar Joints Under Simulated Weightbearing, in vitro.
Husam Darwish	2008	Syndesmosis Fixation: A Biomechanical Comparative Study
Michael Berend	2008	Unit Compartmental Knee Arthroplasty
David Sohn	2008	Effect of Hypertonic Saline on Arthroscopic Extravasation in the Shoulder
James Browne	2008	Biomechanical Analysis of the Talar Spatial Frame
Jocelyn Wittstein	2008	Tenotomy Versus Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps, A Randomized Prospective Study
Samuel Davis	2008	CT-based Fracture Severity and Assessment in a Mouse Model of Closed Articular Fracture
Grant Garrigues	2008	Cortical Ring Sign
Samuel Davis	2008	Utility of MRI in Identifying Components of Common Extensor Origin and Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Involved in Lateral Epicondylitis

Keith Michael

2009

Identification of the best natural lumbar lordosis for use with posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusion.

Keith Michael

Melissa Erickson

2009

Outcomes review of extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation vs posterolateral fusion for degenerartive spondylolisthesis.

Keith Michael

2009

Development of a clinical prediction rule for diagnosis of cervical spine myelopathy.

Trevor Gaskill

2009

Hip kinematics and load transmissionafter labral tear.

Keith Michael

Will Eward

2009

Training femoral neck screw insertion skills to surgical trainees: computer-assisted surgery versus conventional fluoroscopic technique.

Keith Michael

2009

Predictive variables for spine surgery.

Gregg Nicandri

Walter "Hal" Wray

2009

Surgical site marking durability.

Claude T. Moorman

Farshid Guilak

2009

(1) Analysis of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and tenocyte viability, in human rotator cuff tendon explants; (2) Comparison of tenocyte viability inmultiple repair techniques in porcine rotator cuff tendons.

In addition to direct support of these research Fellows, the Foundation underwrote partially the exhibit on Athletic Injuries, with a $1,000 grant in 1971.

The 1973 Appeal, which was emphasized by Wayne Lee, resulted in contributions putting the net worth of the Foundation about $25,000. As of the present time, the net worth based on contributions from the Piedmont Orthopedic Society as a group and individual members of the Society to the Foundation has resulted in a current balance of approximately $450,000. This assures reasonable annual grants for energetic Residents working on research projects.

The primary purpose of the Piedmont Orthopedic Foundation was to further the cause of Duke Resident activities in Orthopedic Research. The effort has been successful and continued support by the members of the Piedmont Orthopedic Society will assure Residents in the future that their inquisitiveness and their willingness to participate in Orthopedic Research will be encouraged.

The Foundation has also assisted in underwriting exhibits shown at several meetings throughout the Country and prepared primarily for the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons annual meeting. The exhibits were isolated fracture of the distal radius (Piedmont fracture) directed by Jack Hughston, M.D.; femoral shortening directed by Leslie Meyer, M.D.; athletic injuries-upper and lower extremities directed by John Dobson and Frank Bassett.

The Foundation provides funds from which capable Residents, who are eventually to become members of the Piedmont Orthopedic Foundation and Piedmont Orthopedic Society, are able to initiate clinical and laboratory studies that may eventually lead to a significant contribution to patient care and development of information useful for both clinical and laboratory research. Members are encouraged to generously support this Foundation, which reflects one aspect of their training and which allows them a way of repaying the Organization for the training that they received in the past.

The source of your primary Orthopedic education deserves continued support and encouragement. The Piedmont Orthopedic Foundation and its activities need the help of all members.